Last edited:
Huh?and one thing is a fact: the great british empire didnt really fight hitler until they knew russians will enter germany soon
Huh?and one thing is a fact: the great british empire didnt really fight hitler until they knew russians will enter germany soon
Are you talking about the Phoney war? Despite the formal declaration of war between the British & French and das Reich it was period of relatively little military activity, eight months to be exact, between September 1939 and May 1940. In May 1940 started the Battle of France, which ended pretty soon and in July the Battle of Britain.Huh?Britain fought Hitler as early as The Battle of Britain 1940. The declaration of war of Britain towards Germany was 1939 when Hitler invaded Poland.
No. I meant the Battle of Britain. But now I think I should have said as early as the start of the long lasting Battle of the Atlantic.Are you talking about the Phoney war? Despite the formal declaration of war between the British & French and das Reich it was period of relatively little military activity, eight months to be exact, between September 1939 and May 1940. In May 1940 started the Battle of France, which ended pretty soon and in July the Battle of Britain.
Where to start? Here is Google response:How much effort was placed on the former "reforming the societies they lived in and shared culture with"? Examples?
FYI Google after providing the summary gives a list of references. In that case the list was too long, to copy and paste. I encourage you to run the quiery yourself, but should to warn you, some crap will pop up, there are a lot of antisemites on InternetGoogle AI isn’t a valid source and the answer here is just a bunch of vagueness, the one specific thing it puts a name to wasn’t even before WW2 meaning it’s beyond the context of your claim. You should at least be giving out some quotes and numbers with specifics while naming the source you got it from.
My experience with AI is the references are often made up.FYI Google after providing the summary gives a list of references. In that case the list was too long, to copy and paste. I encourage you to run the quiery yourself, but should to warn you, some crap will pop up, there are a lot of antisemites on Internet
Displacement of bedouin tribes was done by most countries in the region during the 20th cent. - most of these countries incl. Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Iraq, Syria etc. had Bedouin populations that were disposessed of their claimed ancestral lands by being forced to settle or modernize etc. This was all part of 20th cent. modernization+nationalist efforts. I don't think there's a single country in the region that provided any official documentation for bedouin lands in terms of property rights etc.When you forcibly displace a people because of what ANOTHER group of people (Germans) did to you, there's going to be a high chance of violent resistance from those being forcibly displaced (and the Zionists knew this). That's not safe for anyone unless if you're just willingly blind to all the times when locals resisted settler colonialism including Israeli settler colonialism. If Zionist settlers had the right to take the homes of Palestinians who had nothing to do with the Holocaust, then these very same Palestinians, using the same logic, certainly had even more right to take their homes back from those who actually had something to do with them being ethnically displaced.
Let's not forget that Israel tried both successfully and unsuccessfully to ethnically displace Jews in other countries, just so these Jews would move to Israel and hence give Israel a demographic advantage:
For example, in Yemen, "Tens of thousands of Jews were urged to leave their homes and travel to Israel. As for the Jews who opted to stay [in Yemen], the Jewish emissary in Aden, Shlomo Schmidt, asked permission to propose that Yemeni authorities expel them, but Yemeni authorities did not" - The truth behind Israeli Propaganda on the 'Expulsion' of Arab Jews, by Joseph Massad.
Whereas in North Africa: "A year later it was reported that there was a sharp decline in the number of immigrants from North Africa, as a result of the information that reached them concerning the hardships of settling in Israel. "The first thing one notices now is the obvious reluctance to go to Israel," wrote one of the Jewish Agency emissaries after visiting the transit camps in Marseilles. According to him, it had become a widespread attitude: "The people virtually have to be taken aboard the ships by force." - 1949 The First Israelis by Tom Segev
This certainly doesn't sound like a state that's providing "safety" and "security" to ethnic Jews.
The very act of settler colonialism gives great incentive for a state, Israel included, to use its own civilians as a buffer zone. That is, human shields, nevermind things like the Hannibal Directive..
An example of the Israeli state blurring the line between civilian and military personnel was in the use of settlers, much like the American using of settlers to colonize Native American lands. This put locals in a position of either violently resisting the settlers or losing their land. Once the violent resistance happened, it becomes justification to send in the army. In the Israeli case, settlers received military equipment, military training and had the right to kill "infiltrators", but who were these infiltrators?
"Many of the infiltrators were Palestinian refugees whose reasons for crossing the border included looking for relatives, returning to their homes, recovering possessions, tending their fields, harvesting, and, occasionally exacting revenge. [...] In the period 1919-56 as a whole, 90 per cent or more of all infiltrations, in Morris's estimate, were motivated by economic and social concerns [such as those]." - Israel's Dirty War, Avi Shlaim.
Statement of the Negev Settlements Committee about how Israeli soldiers raping/murdering across the border are causing Arabs to cross the border seeking revenge. Their solution wasn't to punish the soldiers who did these things or to hand them over to the victims, but to use settlers as a buffer zone (to their credit they at least demanded the soldiers stop their raping/murdering):
"In light of this series of horrific events, the representatives of the Negev Settlements Comittee met with the IDF Chief of Staff, General Yiga'el Yadin on April 4, 1950. The representatives emphasized the 'need to put an end and quickly and thoroughly terminate our soldiers' criminal acts such as .... and murder, as a result of which we suffer badly'. At the same time, they demanded to restore the security along the armistice line. For that purpose, they suggested that more infiltrators be killed, and their herds confiscated or destroyed. They also called for the deportation of all the Bedouin who settled illegally near the armistice line, and demanded that the army secure the upcoming harvest, improve the security of the water lines, supply the settlers with additional weapons, and adjust the settlers' military training hours to their agricultural work schedule." - Israel and the Gaza Strip, The First Decade 1947-1957, Arnon Golan, p. 89-90.
"Members of Kibbutz Neve Yair, established by 1948 war veterans, former members of Lehi (the Stern Gang), and located northeast of the murder and .... scene, were renowned for their harsh treatment of infiltrators...Members of other kibbutzim such as Be'eri and Erez regularly participated in anti-infiltration activities that included ambushes, patrols, and retaliation raids... Members of Kibbutz Mefalsim, which was located 20 kilometers north of Neve Yair, considered the killing of unarmed infiltrators an unfortunate necessity that was contrary to the principles upon which they were raised as Zionists and socialists." - Israel and the Gaza Strip, The First Decade 1947-1957, Arnon Golan, p. 89-90.
"The sparsely populated Israeli south was already a high priority: In November 1948, the Israeli government decided to allocate considerable sums of money to habilitate existing settlements and establish 18-20 new settlements. The IDF was assigned to determine their location so as best to integrate them into the territorial defense system....To reinforce the territorial defense system and create the country's reserve for additional kibbutzim and moshavim, Ben-Gurion proposed to combine compulsory service in the IDF with agricultural training in the framework of the NAHAL corps.... The NAHAL corps recruited groups of future settlers from Zionist youth movements. Their service included basic military training, agricultural training in the kibbutzim, and the establishment of military-agricultural settlements in frontier areas, which were later converted into kibbutzim or moshavim." - Israel and the Gaza Strip, The First Decade 1947-1957, Arnon Golan, p. 46-47.
So settler colonies were purposefully built around the areas that they herded Palestinians into as a "defense zone", the Israeli state gave them military training and equipment, had the settlers operate in a military capacity, used these settlers to contain Palestinians whenever Palestinians want to go outside of their containment zone without Israeli permission (including shooting unarmed "infiltrators").
They weren't exactly hiding their intentions at settler colonialism either:
David Ben-Gurion, Israel's first Prime Minister (1948-1953):
"We must expel Arabs and take their places...and, if we have to use force-not to dispossess the Arabs of the Negev and Transjordan, but to guarantee our own right to settle in those places-then we have force at our disposal." (from Nur Masalha, Expulsion of the Palestinians, p. 66)
"The compulsory transfer of the [Palestinian] Arabs from the valleys of the proposed Jewish state could give us something which we never had, even when we stood on our own during the days of the first and second Temples. We are given an opportunity which we never dared to dream of in our wildest imaginings. This is more than a state, government and sovereignty, this is national consolidation in a free homeland." (from Benny Morris, Righteous Victims, p. 142)
"In many parts of the country new settlement will not be possible without transferring the [Palestinian] Arab fellahin. it is important that this plan comes from the [British Peel] Commission and not from us. Jewish power, which grows steadily, will also increase our possibilities to carry out the transfer on a large scale." (from Righteous Victims, p. 143)
"With compulsory transfer we [would] have a vast area [for settlement]. I support compulsory transfer. I don't see anything immoral in it." (from Righteous Victims, p. 144)
"Just as I do not see the proposed Jewish state as a final solution to the problems of the Jewish people, so I do not see partition as the final solution of the Palestine question. Those who reject partition are right in their claim that this country cannot be partitioned because it constitutes one unit, not only from a historical point of view but also from that of nature and economy" (from Simha Flapan, The Birth of Israel: Myths and Realities, p. 22)
"After the formation of a large army in the wake of the establishment of the [Jewish] state, we shall abolish partition and expand to the whole of the Palestine" (from The Birth of Israel: Myths and Realities, p. 22)
Chaim Weizmann, Israel's first President:
"[the indigenous population was akin to] the rocks of Judea, as obstacles that had to be cleared on a difficult path." (from Expulsion of the Palestinians, p. 17)
Moshe Sharett, Israel's second Prime Minister (1953-1955):
"We have forgotten that we have not come to an empty land to inherit it, but we have come to conquer a country from people inhabiting it" (from Righteous Victims, p. 91)
On partition: "The [Palestinian] Arab reaction would be negative because they would lose everything and gain almost nothing ...They would lose the richest part of Palestine; they would lose major Arab assets, the orange plantations, the commercial and industrial centers and the most important sources of revenue for their government which would become impoverished; they would lose most of the coastal area, which would also be a loss to the hinterland Arab states...It would mean that they would be driven back to the desert." (from Expulsion of the Palestinians, p.59)
"With regard to the refugees, we are determined to be adamant while the war lasts. Once the return tide starts, it will be impossible to stem it, and it will prove our undoing. As for the future, we are equally determined to explore all possibilities of getting rid, once and for all, of the huge [Palestinian] Arab minority [referring to the Palestinian Israeli citizens of Israel] which originally threatened us. What can be achieved in this period of storm and stress [referring to the 1948 war] will be quite unattainable once conditions get stabilized. (from The Birth of Israel: Myths and Realities, p. 105)
Yosef Weitz, director, Jewish National Fund Land Settlement Committee (1932-1948):
"...the transfer of [Palestinian] Arab population from the area of the Jewish state does not serve only one aim--to diminish the Arab population. It also serves a second, no less important, aim which is to advocate land presently held and cultivated by the [Palestinian] Arabs and thus to release it for Jewish inhabitants." (from Expulsion Of The Palestinians, p. 94-95)
"It must be clear that there is no room in the country for both peoples...If the Arabs leave it, the country will become wide and spacious for us...The only solution is a Land of Israel...without Arabs...There is no way but to transfer the Arabs from here to the neighboring countries, to transfer all of them, save perhaps for [the Palestinian Arabs of] Bethlehem, Nazareth, and the old Jerusalem. Not one village must be left, not one tribe." (from Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, p. 27)
"Once again I come face to face with the land settlement difficulties that emanate from the existence of two people in close proximity...only population transfer and evacuating this country so it would become exclusively for us is the solution. " (from Expulsion Of The Palestinians, p. 132)
Moshe Dayan, chief of staff, Israel Defense Forces and Minister of Defense during the 1967 war:
"Jewish villages were built in the place of Arab villages. You do not even know the names of these Arab villages, and I do not blame you because geography books no longer exist, not only do the books not exist, the Arab villages are not there either...There is not one single place built in this country that did not have a former Arab Population."
(from Ha'aretz, April 4, 1969)
"We shoot at those from among the 200,000 hungry Arabs who cross the line [to graze their flocks]...Arabs cross to collect the grain that they left in the abandoned villages and we set mines for them and they go back without an arm or a leg. [It may be that this] cannot pass review, but I know no other method of guarding the borders." (from Righteous Victims, p. 275)
At the funeral of an Israeli farmer killed by a Palestinian in April 1956:
"Let us not today fling accusation at the murderers. What cause have we to complain about their fierce hatred to us. For eight years now, they sit in their refugee camps in Gaza, and before their eyes we turn into our homestead the land and villages in which they and their forefathers have lived...We should demand his blood not from the Arabs of Gaza but from ourselves...Let us make our reckoning today. We are a generation of settlers, and without the steel helmet and gun barrel, we shall not be able to plant a tree or build a house." (from Avi Shlaim, The Iron Wall, p. 101)
...
Displacement of bedouin tribes was done by most countries in the region during the 20th cent. - most of these countries incl. Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Iraq, Syria etc. had Bedouin populations that were disposessed of their claimed ancestral lands by being forced to settle or modernize etc. This was all part of 20th cent. modernization+nationalist efforts.
I don't think there's a single country in the region that provided any official documentation for bedouin lands in terms of property rights etc.
The major problem with terming Israel a purely "settler colonial" project is that the "settlers" had provable ancestral and cultural ties to the land that they were "settling" in.
This wasn't like the Alfonso de Albequerqe randomly showing up in Goa and bombarding it, or Columbus randomly showing up in the Bahamas and claiming it as part of Spain.
The Palestinians that the Israeli settlers displaced ALSO had ancestral and cultural ties to the land that they lived in.
The Israelis don't know which exact land 2-3 thousand years ago were theirs on an individual scale, merely that it's within some 500 kilometer vicinity, nor even if their ancestors 2-3 thousand years ago left willingly or unwillingly. But the Palestinians DO know which land is their own that they lived in for generations, not lands within some 500 kilometer vicinity. And when they got displaced, you know full well that for the vast majority were forced to leave by one means or the other with no right to return. In fact, trying to return could get them legally shot by settlers as "infiltrators".
The entire settler colonial project could only be justified if you put Israeli rights far, far above the rights of Palestinians.
I think most of the early Jewish settlers bought property legally under whatever laws that existed at the time. They didn't show up with gunboats and armies to conquer it.
Most of the forced displacement happened after 1948 when the Palestinians + Arab countries didn't accept the partition of the country.
starstrike said:I mean if you use this logic, then the Hindus who were forced to flee to India in 1947 are entitled to their ancestral lands in Pakistan and so on
I'm not claiming that the Israelis are blameless or anything like that, but to call it a "settler colonial project" is IMO a stretch and it diminishes what actual settler colonialism was like.
Even geographically, the region is on the Mediterranean sea and has close ties to the entire Mediterranean region including Europe. In fact it was historically one of the most contested regions of the planet with all 3 monotheisms claiming it as their holy land. It wasn't some pristine isolated civilization that didn't know what hit them.
The Zionists had the intention to replace the demography of Palestine with Jewish settlers and to force the Palestinians to leave if necessary. That's settler colonialism by definition.
By your logic even 2-3000 years later the descendants of those Hindus would STILL be entitled to their ancestral lands in Pakistan even if their ancestors left of their own volitions for reasons that have nothing to do with the partition. And by "ancestral lands" I don't mean the actual land their ancestors built a home on, just some land within a 500 km vicinity of that. And if other people are living there, even if it's for the last 2-3000 years, well they have to leave.
Did israel immediately start displacing Palestinians once the UN agreed to the partition plan? I think the displacement mostly happened during and after the 1948 war, and it was done by both sides.
You can't use this definition, because they weren't purely "settlers" to begin with - they had ancestral ties to the land, and their circumstances were forced by the Holocaust. You could blame European countries for failing to accommodate them, but again, it's an oversimplification to call it "settler colonialism'.
Yes, they should be entitied to it at least morally. Obviously, in the absense of exact documentation in terms of which pieces of land they inhabited, they should be given the best approximation of it.
I believe most Jews were forcefully displaced at various times - they didn't just migrate for opportunistic reasons.
Honestly, if I run down the list of all the various atrocities and injustices that have occurred around the world in the last 100 years, this one would rank very very low down on my list - far lower proportionate to the amount of attention that it gets.
This is another disagreement that I have with the premise - I think this was more of a religious thing than an ethnic one - always was. All 3 monothesisms had made total claims to the land which made any kind of accommodation difficult.It doesn't matter whether Palestine was a "pristine civilization" or a primitive backwater, nor does it matter how close its ties with Europe was. You don't have the right to kick people out of their homes simply for belonging to the "wrong" ethnicity. Their economic condition/Mediterranean ties wasn't a crime and shouldn't be justification for ethnic displacement.
Yes, this applies to everyone. They are morally entitied to the land they were displaced from in Israel. Whether that is possibie given the current circumstances is a different question. Note that Israel still has a significant minority Arab population, so clearly one side is more accommodating than the other.Then by your logic the Bedouin should be given back their land in Israel, along with the rest of the Palestinians, in which they should be given the best approximation of the land they were displaced from (and the ability to approximate this land is way better than land taken 2-3000 years ago) yet I don't see you arguing for Zionist settlers to hand over their land back to the families that it was taken from.
Again, such justifications by Zionists can only work if Jewish rights are viewed with far greater importance than Palestinian rights. Otherwise these very arguments that Zionists make to justify ethnic displacement, could be used for Palestinians to get their land back.
This is another disagreement that I have with the premise - I think this was more of a religious thing than an ethnic one - always was. All 3 monothesisms had made total claims to the land which made any kind of accommodation difficult.
If the Jews had designs on the land, so did the Arabs, who saw the Jewish presence as a threat to their own hegemony over it, hard won as it was a few centuries before.
starstrike said:Yes, this applies to everyone. They are morally entitied to the land they were displaced from in Israel. Whether that is possibie given the current circumstances is a different question.
startrike said:Note that Israel still has a significant minority Arab population, so clearly one side is more accommodating than the other.
Well we can argue about %s, but I definitely don't think that the Israelis need to "go back to where they came from" like some random settler colonialists.In which case Palestinians were entitled to 95% of the land of Israel and Israel should shrink to the remaining 5.67% that they bought legally. Glad we agree.
Well we can argue about %s, but I definitely don't think that the Israelis need to "go back to where they came from" like some random settler colonialists.