Was Churchill really any better than Hitler or Talaat Pasha?

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Mod edit: @HackneyedScribe, please avoid phrasing that could refer to current (and post-2000) events.

That doesn’t didn't give Israelis the right to subject have subjected another unconsenting people to the same sort of abuse. That’s the point Israeli Zionists tended to miss: not everything’s about them!
Hmm, since the last time I checked for Americans everything was about them, as well as for Russians, French, Germans, and the list going on.
Those who made these types of arguments should have been the first in line to offer up their own homes/land/property/country to be taken away by Israeli settlers, instead of forcing it on a people who weren’t even the same people who had been abusing Jewish people in the first place.
Let's put it that way: the land was contested. And speaking of abusing Jewish people: very few nations in Europe and the Middle East can claim innocence.
Take Churchill, during a time when the British didn’t want Jewish people in Britain. They wanted to move them to East Africa, Churchill pushed to move them to Palestine.
Not true. On the contrary, the White Paper put harsh restrictions on Jewish immigration to Palestine. The British government didn't want to antagonize Arabs.
Nobody pushed for setting aside their OWN land like what Malaysia did to Singapore. They always expected someone ELSE to make these sacrifices of being displaced just so they themselves don’t have to see a certain type of face.
Yeah. That's the human nature :-(
And the Zionists fell right into this divide-and-conquer, playing the oppressed against themselves sort of historic cycle.
Don't you think they had a reason to view themselves as oppressed?
Instead of fighting for equal rights in the land they were born in,
They tried with not much success.
they fought to take rights from the people of another land they themselves never stepped foot in.
Not true. Israel is the historical homeland of the Jewish people where they lived for millenniums.
Secondly the argument requires the assumption that Israel is some stalwart defender of Jewish lives; which historically wasn’t the case. They intentionally spread anti-Jewish sentiment including committing terrorist attacks in Muslim countries, just so the population of Jews in those countries will move to Israel, so Israel could gain the demographic advantage against the rest of the Caanite descendants to commit massed population displacement. As the father of Zionism Theodore Herzl said in his Diaries: “the anti-Semites will become our most dependable friends, the anti-Semitic countries our allies
Then it means that Jews who live all over the world and don't want to move to Israel must hate it or they are just a bunch of fools.
And do you know how many attacks in Muslim countries were committed by Zionists vs. how many terrorist attacks Muslims committed against Jews? If you wanted to make a point you shouldn't bring it up.
 
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Poor Nazis, forced to revert to genocide, when all they wanted to do was ...

No idea what the second paragraph is on about.

I don't think the person you are responding to is excusing or justifying Nazi genocidal actions against European Jewry, he is just trying to explain the entire process that culminated in the Holocaust.
And overall, he is right. Nazis didn't plan the Holocaust from scratch, it was rather an entire process that evolved through radicalization of the policies, which were mostly constructed in the context of a world war.
And this is not only true to Nazis, but to any genocide that was carried out, at least in modern history. The genocidal culprits always initiate their process towards non-violent means, then they plan forced removals, and when it fails, it culminates in mass murder.
 
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The biggest reason for third world independence and the collapse of colonialism were the struggles and independence movements of the colonised themselves, don't you think?

They wouldn't have been nearly as successful without the Second World War, and the overall context of the Cold War would not exist.
 
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Birland
I don't think the person you are responding to is excusing or justifying Nazi genocidal actions against European Jewry, he is just trying to explain the entire process that culminated in the Holocaust.
And overall, he is right. Nazis didn't plan the Holocaust from scratch, it was rather an entire process that evolved through radicalization of the policies, which were mostly constructed in the context of a world war.
And this is not only true to Nazis, but to any genocide that was carried out, at least in modern history. The genocidal culprits always initiate their process towards non-violent means, then they plan forced removals, and when it fails, it culminates in mass murder.
And it always comes across as apologism.
 
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Hmm, since the last time I checked for Americans everything was about them, as well as for Russians, French, Germans, and the list going on.

That doesn't justify this type of thinking. The point is, just because Jewish people were treated badly, especially in Germany and Eastern Europe, it doesn't give the right for them to treat Palestinians badly. Zionist arguments don't seem to recognize that, but not everything's about them, and even if it was, they should at least be demanding German land instead as the Nazis took antisemitism to the most extreme degree.
Whether Americans/Germans/Russians think everything is about them or not has nothing to do with it (nor is it even true. I don't see you, for example, only thinking about what properties YOU have to give to Israel to compensate them for every antisemitic thing they faced).

Let's put it that way: the land was contested. And speaking of abusing Jewish people: very few nations in Europe and the Middle East can claim innocence.

All ethnic displacement to force one group to make way for another ethnicity to live in said land, would make the land "contested". The insistence on merely calling it "contested" is a false equivalency, as is the argument that "nobody's innocent".
Calling such land "contested" doesn't erase the forced ethnic displacement.

Not true. On the contrary, the White Paper put harsh restrictions on Jewish immigration to Palestine. The British government didn't want to antagonize Arabs.

Churchill voted against the White Paper. So it is true for my statement: "Take Churchill, during a time when the British didn’t want Jewish people in Britain. They wanted to move them to East Africa, Churchill pushed to move them to Palestine."
Even the White Paper still pushed for an independent Israeli state in Palestine. Britain should have just used its own home islands to create an independent Israeli state, if it wanted one so much.

Yeah. That's the human nature :-(

It might be natural for some humans, in order to attain the results they wanted, to expect someone ELSE to make that sacrifice even though that someone else don't benefit from it. The fact that Malaysia ceded Singapore showed that this so called "human nature" you speak of is not universal. Some black people in America wanted to carve their own state in Africa, most fought for equal rights in the land they were born in. Human nature is malleable, depending on the environment they were raised in. Some environments were more hypocritical than others.
Even if ethnically displacing other people is "human nature", that's hardly a justification. You don't describe all the antisemitism as just "human nature" ,yet when Palestinians get ethnically displaced you use the term "human nature"/"contested land"/"others do it too"/etc...

Don't you think they had a reason to view themselves as oppressed?

Again, this is besides the point. Whether they are oppressed or not doesn't give Zionists the right to oppress others. The entire world is a history of oppression, it doesn't give people the right to kick down. Not everything is about them.

They tried with not much success.

Zionists tried ethnic displacement with far greater effort, compared to the effort of fighting for equal rights in Britain.

Not true. Israel is the historical homeland of the Jewish people where they lived for millenniums.

The statement was: "they fought to take rights from the people of another land they themselves never stepped foot in."
Whether their ancestors stepped foot on the land 2000 years ago, doesn't mean they themselves stepped foot on said land. And even if this was somehow a justification, Palestinians are descendants of the ancient Caanites too. It's utter hypocrisy given that its biggest supporter would hardly have any land if we use the "historic homeland" argument, and you wouldn't need to go back 2000 years for it to float.

Then it means that Jews who live all over the world and don't want to move to Israel must hate it or they are just a bunch of fools.

Fools imply that they were tricked by something that a person with normal intelligence wouldn't have been tricked into.
Where did I say that Jewish immigrants as a whole did that?


And do you know how many attacks in Muslim countries were committed by Zionists vs. how many terrorist attacks Muslims committed against Jews? If you wanted to make a point you shouldn't bring it up.

There's the collective Arab punishment again, as if Palestinians should be held responsible and offered restitution not just for all the antisemitism in Germany and Europe but also all the Muslim countries as well. You say it's "human nature" to make everything about oneself, but it seems the mere existence of the Palestinians make it seem as if at least all the world's antisemitism were about Palestinians. Suddenly it's about what they could do to offer recompense for crimes they never committed, not what you could do to offer recompense with your own property.
The point was that Israel was not a stalwart defender for Jewish people, if anything its own atrocities fuels antisemitism and it used antisemitism as a tool to bring about the demographic change it wants to bring.

For example, in Yemen, "Tens of thousands of Jews were urged to leave their homes and travel to Israel. As for the Jews who opted to stay [in Yemen], the Jewish emissary in Aden, Shlomo Schmidt, asked permission to propose that Yemeni authorities expel them, but Yemeni authorities did not" - The truth behind Israeli Propaganda on the 'Expulsion' of Arab Jews, by Joseph Massad.

Whereas in North Africa: "A year later it was reported that there was a sharp decline in the number of immigrants from North Africa, as a result of the information that reached them concerning the hardships of settling in Israel. "The first thing one notices now is the obvious reluctance to go to Israel," wrote one of the Jewish Agency emissaries after visiting the transit camps in Marseilles. According to him, it had become a widespread attitude: "The people virtually have to be taken aboard the ships by force." - 1949 The First Israelis by Tom Segev

These actions show the Israeli state valued its own demographic domination more than NOT ethnically displacing Jewish people in other countries. Ergo any claim similar to the idea that all other countries can be hostile to Jews "at will", is ignoring that Israel itself could also act as a hostile force against Jews. Your claim that "Muslim countries attacked Jews" doesn't make the anti-Jewish acts of the Israeli state any less true. Palestinian emissaries actually bothered to argue that Muslim countries should give restitution to the Jews who escaped from abuse in said Muslim countries and to provide Jews the right of return (of which they at least partially succeeded, it's just that not many in Israel wants to go back to their grandparent's home in, say, Iraq). Palestinians weren't offered that same right of return to their ancestral homeland.

"Understanding that the emigration of Arab Jews to Israel was a boon to the Israeli settler-colony, the PLO [Palestinian Liberation Organization] demanded, in a much-publicized 1975 memorandum to the Arab governments whose Jewish populations had left to Israel, that they issue formal and public invitations for Arab Jews to return home."
Notably, none of the governments and regimes in power in 1975 were in office when the Jews left between 1949 and 1967. Public and open invitations were duly issued by the governments of Morocco, Yemen, Libya, Sudan, Iraq and Egypt for Arab Jews to return home, especially in light of the institutionalised Ashkenazi racist discrimination to which they had been subjected in Israel. Neither Israel nor its Arab Jewish communities heeded the calls
." - The truth behind Israeli Propaganda on the 'Expulsion' of Arab Jews, by Joseph Massad.
 
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Frankly, both of you.

You are either so horribly mistaken me for someone else, or you're just here wanting to start a fight with anyone.

You'r accusing me of being a Nazi apologist. You are not only familiar with my posts here, but most of all, you are completely unfamiliar with the scholarship and historiography of the Holocaust, beginning from the studies Raul Hilberg in the 1960s - with its magnum opus anthology The Destruction of European Jews - to the recent publishing of Dan Stone's The Holocaust: An Unfinished History (2023).

I'm definitely going to put you up to the mods. Libel is not allowed on this forum.
 
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That doesn't justify this type of thinking.
It doesn't but it is what it is. Applying to Jews higher standards than to other people is, at best questionable
The point is, just because Jewish people were treated badly, especially in Germany and Eastern Europe, it doesn't give the right for them to treat Palestinians badly. Zionist arguments don't seem to recognize that, but not everything's about them, and even if it was they should at least be demanding German land instead.
Whether Americans/Germans/Russians think everything is about them or not has nothing to do with it.
My point was that in that regard Jews are not different in that from other "enlightened" people but somehow are blamed for that by them
All ethnic displacement to make way for another ethnicity to live in said land land, would make the land "contested". The insistence on merely calling it "contested" is a false equivalency, as is the argument that "nobody's innocent".
at the time jews were a majority at the land they occupied, and majority of Arabs there stay put, unlike 16 millions Germans kiked out by their "ealightened" European nighbors
Churchill voted against the White Paper. So it is true for my statement: "Take Churchill, during a time when the British didn’t want Jewish people in Britain. They wanted to move them to East Africa, Churchill pushed to move them to Palestine."
Or he was simpatetic to Jewish plight, or didn't trust Arabs?
Even the White Paper still pushed for an independent Israeli state in Palestine. Britain should have just used its own home islands to create an independent Israeli state, if it wanted one so much.
Just to remind you: Brits are not different from other peoples
It might be nature for some humans to expect someone else to make a sacrifice to attain a result that YOU'RE pushing for. The fact that Malaysia ceded Singapore showed that this so called "human nature" you speak of is not universal.
Malaysian government just wanted ethnic Chinese population out and separated them on tiny island against their will.
Human nature is malleable, depending on the environment they were raised in. Some environments are more hypocritical than others
yes, so?
Again, this is besides the point. Whether they are oppressed or not doesn't give Zionists the right to oppress others. The entire world is a history of oppression, it doesn't give people the right to kick down. Not everything is about them.
Why you are lecturing just Jews?
Zionists tried ethnic displacement with far greater effort, compared to the effort of fighting for equal rights in Britain.
They already tried it in Germany
The statement was: "they fought to take rights from the people of another land they themselves never stepped foot in."
Whether their ancestors stepped foot on the land 2000 years ago, doesn't mean they themselves stepped foot on said land. And even if this was somehow a justification,
Jews were living there before the war. UN intension was to divide the land but it took a war to make it happen
Palestinians are descendants of the ancient Caanites too.
They are not. Most Caanites mixed with Hebrews. Arabs lived in different land,
It's utter hypocrisy given that its biggest supporter would hardly have any land if we use the "historic homeland" argument, and you wouldn't need to go back 2000 years for it to float.
During those 3000 years Jews continued living at the land, so in different numbers. BTW With Jewish migration before the war Arab migration increased too
Fools imply that they were tricked by something that a person with normal intelligence wouldn't have been tricked into.
Where did I say that Jewish immigrants as a whole did that?
How many?
There's the collective Arab punishment again, as if Palestinians should be held responsible and offer restitution not just for all the anti-semitism in Germany and Europe but also all the Muslim countries as well.
I would rather see you replying to my comments than repeating yours
The point was that Israel is not a stalwart defender against anti-semitism, if anything its own atrocities fuels anti-semitism and it used anti-semitism as a tool to bring about the demographic change it wants to bring. Ergo any claim similar to the idea that Israel's the "only safe place for Jews" is untrue.
Of course it isn't, until it is. Do you need examples?
Your claim that "Muslim countries attacked Jews" doesn't make that claim any less untrue. Palestinian emissaries actually bothered to argue that Muslim countries should give restitution to the Jews were were abused in said Muslim countries and to provide Jews the right of return. Palestinians weren't offered that same right of return to their ancestral homeland.
The terrorist attacks by different Muslim groups and states: Between 1979 and 2000, there were 2,194 Islamist terrorist attacks, resulting in 6,817 deaths, according to Fondapol. Islamist terrorist attacks in the world 1979-2024 - Fondapol
we may dabate the number but not deny it was a lot
 
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You are either so horribly mistaken me for someone else, or you're just here wanting to start a fight with anyone.

You'r accusing me of being a Nazi apologist. You are not only familiar with my posts here, but most of all, you are completely unfamiliar with the scholarship and historiography of the Holocaust, beginning from the studies Raul Hilberg in the 1960s - with its magnum opus anthology The Destruction of European Jews - to the recent publishing of Dan Stone's The Holocaust: An Unfinished History (2023).

I'm definitely going to put you up to the mods. Libel is not allowed on this forum.
Oh please, don't be patronising. This is not a thread about the Holocaust, it's yet another 'hands up who thinks Churchill was a c**t' thread, it's not exactly a hotbed of nuanced argument.

Did you read any of the posts from the ..... I've been replying to before you leapt in to valiantly defend him?
 
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Most European empires collapsed after world war 2. They became both financially and politically unsustainable for the metropole countries. India was no exception.
Gandhi's success was more in turning the nationalist movement into a mass movement than in actually delivering independence.

I agree with most of that. Both the UK and India overplay their role in Indian independence.

But Gandhi had other positive effects. One was thinking nationally. Second was the building up of the INC as a pan India party with millions of dedicated cadre. This has been a key reason India didn't become a dictatorship like almost every other British/French/Portuguese/Belgian colony.

Finally, the Indian naval mutiny of 1946 convinced the British that the Royal Indian Army would not stay loyal. In Burma and Indonesia an armed revolt had broken out (the Royal Indian army had soldiers fighting there). The British nightmare would be dealing with an Indian revolt in 1946. It was the INC leaders who pacified the mutineers.
 
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It doesn't but it is what it is. Applying to Jews higher standards than to other people is, at best questionable

Nobody has the right to ethnically displace Palestinians or anyone, especially for crimes that they didn't even commit. That goes for everybody, not just Jews. Ergo it is not "applying to Jews higher standards than to other people".

My point was that in that regard Jews are not different in that from other "enlightened" people but somehow are blamed for that by them

Zionists get blamed for ethnically displacing other people. I never said Jews as a whole should get the blame, nor do I know anyone in this thread who did.

at the time jews were a majority at the land they occupied, and majority of Arabs there stay put, unlike 16 millions Germans kiked out by their "ealightened" European nighbors

Incorrect. Jews consisted of around 30% of the land in Palestine (mostly new migrants) and owned around 5% of the land. You should already know this as participated in the discussion in which I said:

All the land the Jews bought amounted to around 5.67% of the land. They got the rest by enforcing the UN partition (and then some) which split the land roughly 50/50 despite them owning 5% of the land and consisting of 30% of the population, most of whom were migrants thanks to British policy of sending/attracting people of Jewish descent.

Source: Land ownership in Palestine : Hadawi, Sami 1904-2004 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive

Source from the British Village Statistics of 1945: https://www.marxists.org/history/palestine/1970/villagestatistics.pdf
Last page shows that the population in 1945 was 1.2 million Arabs and 0.5 million Jews in a total population of 1.7 million people
Out of 26.3 million dunums in land, Arabs owned 12.8 million, Jews 1.5 million, and 1.5 million were public. Much of the rest were claimed by Arabic Bedouin tribes that would eventually be mostly dispossessed, as quoted below in "Suspended in Space: Bedouins under the Law of Israel"

Or he was simpatetic to Jewish plight, or didn't trust Arabs?

Which doesn't matter. The statement was that Churchill pushed for Jewish homeland in Palestine rather than the British home islands.

Just to remind you: Brits are not different from other peoples

This doesn't justify anything and I never said anything differently.

Malaysian government just wanted ethnic Chinese population out and separated them on tiny island against their will.

Yes, but they didn't have to ethnically displace another group of people. Zionists committed both sins, trying to force unwilling Jews (rather than just allowing willing Jews) to leave other countries while ethnically displacing another group of people to make this happen


So you shouldn't use "human nature" as an excuse. Glad you agree that human nature is malleable.

Why you are lecturing just Jews?

I lectured plenty of atrocities throughout this forum. I am lecturing Zionists, whether they be Jews or not Jews, I don't care because it shouldn't matter. I don't know the ethnic background of people I'm lecturing because they've never told me. I only know their political viewpoints.
Don't put words in my mouth.

They already tried it in Germany

I was talking about Churchill.

Jews were living there before the war. UN intension was to divide the land but it took a war to make it happen

They were a minority in the land before the war.

They are not. Most Caanites mixed with Hebrews. Arabs lived in different land,

I am not talking about any Arabs in general. I said Palestinians are Caanites too, which they are and hence closely genetically related to Jewish people: The origin of Palestinians and their genetic relatedness with other Mediterranean populations - PubMed

During those 3000 years Jews continued living at the land, so in different numbers. BTW With Jewish migration before the war Arab migration increased too

As said, Palestinians are Caanites too. Jews became a minority in the land as more and more of them started seeing themselves as belonging to other ethnic groups. The Palestinians of nowadays are just as much a Caanite as Jewish people are. That's why I find it as no surprise that one don't get the right of return solely based on genetic tests, as that would give Palestinians the right of return.

How many?

How many what?

I would rather see you replying to my comments than repeating yours

In what way am I not replying to your comments. On the other hand, you are putting words into my mouth.
Criticizing Israel's ethnic displacement becomes "lecturing Jews".
Saying that Israeli ethnic displacement is wrong becomes "why are you lecturing just Jews". You know full well I criticized plenty of non-Jewish atrocities as you've participated in those threads.
Saying that people shouldn't expect Palestinians to offer recompense for crimes they didn't commit is suddenly "Applying to Jews higher standards than to other people"

In these cases you are not replying to my actual comments, you are tossing smokescreens that's not relevant to my comments.

Of course it isn't, until it is. Do you need examples?

Examples of what? The point is Israel is not a stalwart defender of Jewish livelihood, which was a reply to the argument that all other countries can mistreat Jews "at will". I don't see how your examples help. At most it'll show that Israel had moments of protecting Jews (most often by creating the situation that puts them in danger in the first place), but that doesn't take away from the fact that it too oppressed Jews "at will".

The terrorist attacks by different Muslim groups and states: Between 1979 and 2000, there were 2,194 Islamist terrorist attacks, resulting in 6,817 deaths, according to Fondapol. Islamist terrorist attacks in the world 1979-2024 - Fondapol
we may dabate the number but not deny it was a lot

Do you even read the sentence you're replying to. I accused you of collective Arab punishment and the next thing you know, you give a collection of all the terrorist attacks against anybody of all the "different Muslim groups and states". Why does this matter. Does that somehow erase the fact that Israel tried to forcibly displace Jewish people from other countries? Does it justify displacing Palestinians? (and besides the false equivalence, two wrongs don't make a right).

The statements you were responding to:
There's the collective Arab punishment again, as if Palestinians should be held responsible and offered restitution not just for all the antisemitism in Germany and Europe but also all the Muslim countries as well....The point was that Israel was not a stalwart defender for Jewish people, if anything its own atrocities fuels antisemitism and it used antisemitism as a tool to bring about the demographic change it wants to bring....These actions show the Israeli state valued its own demographic domination more than NOT ethnically displacing Jewish people in other countries. Ergo any claim similar to the idea that all other countries can be hostile to Jews "at will", is ignoring that Israel itself could also act as a hostile force against Jews. Your claim that "Muslim countries attacked Jews" doesn't make the anti-Jewish acts of the Israeli state any less true. Palestinian emissaries actually bothered to argue that Muslim countries should give restitution to the Jews who escaped from abuse in said Muslim countries and to provide Jews the right of return (of which they at least partially succeeded, it's just that not many in Israel wants to go back to their grandparent's home in, say, Iraq). Palestinians weren't offered that same right of return to their ancestral homeland.
Anyway, since I can’t speak of present day atrocities, I would say the 2-3 years of the Nakba alone killed around 13,000 Palestinians and displaced 700,00 from their homes, and that’s despite Israel’s attempt to hide massacres:
 
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Bolivar fought a war of liberation and directly liberated multiple countries. Gandhi's non-violent efforts, though inspiring, never achieved the desired effect.

True. But Gandhi methods were used by dozens of countries to gain independence. Including South Africa. Martin Luther King was a strong admirer of Gandhi and his methods. His memorial in Atlanta has two rooms - one dedicated to his life and one dedicated to Gandhi's.

The alternative was gaining independence using the Washington/Bolivar/Ho Chi Minh methods.
 
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Oh please, don't be patronising. This is not a thread about the Holocaust, it's yet another 'hands up who thinks Churchill was a c**t' thread, it's not exactly a hotbed of nuanced argument.

Did you read any of the posts from the ..... I've been replying to before you leapt in to valiantly defend him?

No, I didn't follow the entire conversation.
 
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Except the Jews turned lemon's in to lemonade and became a food exporter. Getting back to the OP during WWII Churchill didn't allow Jewish refugees into then British Mandate Palestine. Its better to live in a desert then be murdered by obes countrymen. Also although India at first gave Israel the cold shoulder they eventually became great friends with Israel.
Leftyhunter


 
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It doesn't but it is what it is. Applying to Jews higher standards than to other people is, at best questionable

Seriously what higher standards? Out of all my posts in this forum, when did I give anyone the right to go “you need to leave because my family from up to 3000 years ago lived within a 300 mile radius to your home” Nevermind the displaced being descended from the same people.
On the other hand, when did you ever expect that argument to be a good one, expect when it’s about the Palestinians? Ergo your argument is applying to Palestinians a higher standard than to other people.
 
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I agree with most of that. Both the UK and India overplay their role in Indian independence.

But Gandhi had other positive effects. One was thinking nationally. Second was the building up of the INC as a pan India party with millions of dedicated cadre. This has been a key reason India didn't become a dictatorship like almost every other British/French/Portuguese/Belgian colony.

Finally, the Indian naval mutiny of 1946 convinced the British that the Royal Indian Army would not stay loyal. In Burma and Indonesia an armed revolt had broken out (the Royal Indian army had soldiers fighting there). The British nightmare would be dealing with an Indian revolt in 1946. It was the INC leaders who pacified the mutineers.

Gandhian methods only work within societies were everyone adheres to ideas like valuing human life etc. Otherwise, as I pointed out, cows adopting Gandhian methods won't shut down the meat industry.

As far as Savarkar is concerned, he was a much better student of history than Gandhi was. He knew that the moment the British left, the Muslim polity in India would simply resume violently imposing Islam on the people of India like they had been doing for the previous millennium. Hence, his primary goal was organizing Hindu society and militarizing it ( by encouraging Hindus to join the British Indian army for example ), and ending the iron-clad caste divisions that prevented Hindus from organizing poliitcally.
 
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